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Yes, hydrogen gas is increasing as a fuel for passenger vehicles and other transport systems.

It can be used in fuel cells to make electricity that can drive electric motors, and when combined with a battery it can form a hybrid fuel cell battery-electric vehicle. It can also be burned in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) such as the one used in our applications.

Green hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel with no associated CO₂ emissions at the point of use because it is produced without any emission (electrolyser from renewable electricity).

As such hydrogen has the potential to dramatically reduce our dependency on imported oil as well as reduce the consequences associated with emissions.

CMB.TECH has developed standardized hydrogen storage systems that are certified for the application they are on. A set of compressed hydrogen tanks are combined into one stillage which has its own control unit. Each tank has a pressure and temperature sensor, which is used by the control unit to determine the amount of hydrogen. The stillages are interchangeable, so in case of maintenance, they can be easily swapped by the spare set by which the service can be guaranteed.

Ammonia is produced commercially via the catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures. The process was developed in 1909 by German chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch.

Ammonia production follows following steps:

1. Nitrogen extraction: nitrogen is separated from the air by its separation. Air is compressed, cooled, and passed through a molecular sieve or cryogenic process.
2. Hydrogen production: hydrogen is obtained from biomass, coal, natural gas, solar, wind, geothermal, hydro and nuclear energy. Methods like steam methane reformer (SMR), partial oxidation, or electrolysis are used to produce hydrogen.
3. Ammonia synthesis: nitrogen and hydrogen are mixed in a reactor under high pressure and temperature, with a catalyst like iron or ruthenium facilitating the reaction, resulting in ammonia.
4. Product purification: the gas mixture is purified to remove any contaminants through multiple stages, including condensation, cooling and separation.
5. Storage and distribution: the purified ammonia is stored in specialised tanks or containers, designed to handle ammonia safely. Ammonia can be transported as a liquid, either under pressure or in the form of an aqueous solution.

Ammonia is an interesting potential fuel because it can be produced using renewable energy sources, emits no CO₂ when burned, and has a high energy density.

As the industry looks for sustainable fuel options, ammonia is emerging as a promising alternative. Ammonia (NH₃) as fuel burns CO₂-free like hydrogen as there is no carbon molecule in this fuel. Ammonia will significantly reduce SOₓ and particulate matter. Compared with hydrogen, ammonia has a higher energy density and is easier to store. Ammonia can be produced using renewable energy sources, which makes it a fuel of the future.

One of the most compelling advantages lies in the potential of green ammonia to revolutionise the shipping industry and provide a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Its use holds enormous promise for significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and represents a crucial step forward in our collective efforts for a sustainable environment.